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6th major release of Os X

Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard
A version of the macOS operating organization
OSXLeopard.svg
Leopard Desktop.png

Screenshot of Mac Os X Leopard. Note how the Dock and window designs are different from previous versions of Mac Bone X.
Programmer Apple tree Inc.
OS family
Source model Closed, with open up source components
Released to
manufacturing 		October 26, 2007; fourteen years ago  (2007-10-26) [2]
Latest release 10.v.8 (Build 9L31a) [iii] / Baronial xiii, 2009; 12 years ago  (2009-08-13) [4]
Update method Apple tree Software Update
Platforms IA-32, x86-64, PowerPC
Kernel type Hybrid (XNU)
License Commercial proprietary software [five] with Apple tree Public Source License (APSL)
Preceded past Mac Os 10 10.4 Tiger
Succeeded by Mac Os X 10.6 Snowfall Leopard
Official website Apple - Mac OS X Leopard at the Wayback Auto (archived May 28, 2009)
Back up status
Unsupported as of most June 23, 2011, Safari support and iTunes support terminated as of 2012 equally well. [6] [7]

Mac OS X Leopard (version ten.5) is the 6th major release of macOS, Apple's desktop and server operating system for Macintosh computers. Leopard was released on October 26, 2007 as the successor of Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger, and is bachelor in two editions: a desktop version suitable for personal computers, and a server version, Mac Bone Ten Server. Information technology retailed for $129 [2] for the desktop version and $499 for Server. [8] Leopard was superseded by Snow Leopard (version 10.vi) in 2009. Leopard is the final version of macOS to support the PowerPC compages as Snow Leopard functions solely on Intel based Macs.

According to Apple, Leopard contains over 300 changes and enhancements compared to its predecessor, Mac OS X Tiger, [9] covering cadre operating organisation components as well as included applications and developer tools. Leopard introduces a significantly revised desktop, with a redesigned Dock, Stacks, a semitransparent carte bar, and an updated Finder that incorporates the Cover Flow visual navigation interface start seen in iTunes. Other notable features include support for writing 64-bit graphical user interface applications, an automated backup utility called Fourth dimension Machine, support for Spotlight searches beyond multiple machines, and the inclusion of Front Row and Photograph Booth, which were previously included with merely some Mac models.

Apple missed Leopard's release time frame equally originally announced by Apple tree's CEO Steve Jobs. When start discussed in June 2005, Jobs had stated that Apple intended to release Leopard at the end of 2006 or early 2007. [x] A yr later, this was amended to Spring 2007; [11] however, on Apr 12, 2007, Apple tree issued a statement that its release would exist delayed until October 2007 because of the evolution of the iPhone. [12]

New and inverse features [ edit ]

End-user features [ edit ]

Apple advertised that Mac Bone X Leopard has 300+ new features, [9] including:

  • A new and improved Automator , with piece of cake starting points to easily get-go a workflow. It also can apace create or edit workflows with new interface improvements. Now it tin can utilize a new action called "Watch Me Do" that lets yous record a user action (similar pressing a push button or controlling an application without congenital-in Automator support) and replay as an activeness in a workflow. Information technology tin can create more useful Automator workflows with actions for RSS feeds, iSight camera video snapshots, PDF manipulation, and much more.
  • Back to My Mac , a feature for MobileMe users that allows users to access files on their home computer while abroad from dwelling via the internet.
  • Boot Camp , a software assistant allowing for the installation of other operating systems, such every bit Windows XP (SP2 or later) or Windows Vista, on a separate partition (or divide internal drive) on Intel-based Macs.
  • Dashboard enhancements, including Web Clip, a feature that allows users to plow a part of any Web folio displayed in Safari into a live Dashboard widget, and Dashcode to help developers lawmaking widgets. [13]
  • New Desktop, comprises a redesigned 3-D dock with a new group feature called Stacks , which displays files in either a "fan" way, "grid" style, or (since 10.v.2) a "list" style. Rory Prior, on the ThinkMac web log, criticized the shelf-similar Dock forth with a number of other changes to the user interface. [14]
  • Dictionary can now search Wikipedia, and a dictionary of Apple terminology as well. Also included is the Japanese-language dictionary Daijisen, Progressive E-J and Progressive J-Eastward dictionaries, and the 25,000-discussion thesaurus Tsukaikata no Wakaru Ruigo Reikai Jiten ( 使い方の分かる類語例解辞典 ), all of which are provided by the Japanese publisher Shogakukan. [15] [9]
  • A redesigned Finder , with features like to those seen in iTunes 7, including Encompass Flow and a Source list-similar sidebar.
  • Front Row has been reworked to closely resemble the interface of the original Apple tree Goggle box.
  • iCal calendar sharing and group scheduling also as syncing event invitations from Mail. [16] The icon besides reflects the current engagement even when the application is not running. In previous versions of Mac OS X, the icon would testify July 17 in the icon whatsoever fourth dimension the awarding was not running but the electric current engagement when the application was running.
  • iChat enhancements, including multiple logins, invisibility, animated icons, and tabbed chats, similar to features present in Pidgin, Adium and the iChat plugin Chax; iChat Theater, allowing users to incorporate images from iPhoto, presentations from Keynote, videos from QuickTime, and other Quick Look features into video chats; and Backdrops, which are like to chroma keys, but apply a real-time departure matte technique which does not require a green or blue screen. iChat also implements screen sharing, a characteristic previously available with Apple Remote Desktop. [eleven] [17] [18]
  • Mail enhancements including the additions of RSS feeds, Jotter, Notes, and to-dos. To-dos use a system-wide service that is bachelor to all applications. [19]
  • Network file sharing improvements include more granular control over permissions, consolidation of AFP, FTP and SMB sharing into ane control panel, and the ability to share individual folders, a characteristic that had not been bachelor since Mac OS nine. [20]
  • Parental controls at present include the ability to place restrictions on use of the Internet and to set parental controls from anywhere using remote setup. [21]
  • Photo Booth enhancements, including video recording with real-time filters and bluish/dark-green-screen technology.
  • Podcast Capture , an application allowing users to record and distribute podcasts. It requires access to a figurer running Mac OS X Server with Podcast Producer.
  • Preview adds support for annotation, graphics, extraction, search, markup, Instant Alpha and size adjustment tools. [22]
  • Quick Await , a framework assuasive documents to be viewed without opening them in an external application and can preview information technology in full screen. [23] Plug-ins are bachelor for Quick Look and so that y'all can also view other files, such equally Installer Packages.

  • Safari 3, which includes Web Clip.
  • Spaces , an implementation of virtual desktops (individually called "Spaces"), allows multiple desktops per user, with certain applications and windows in each desktop. [24] Users can organize certain Spaces for certain applications (e.g., one for work-related tasks and one for entertainment) and switch between them. Exposé works within Spaces, allowing the user to see at a glance all desktops on one screen. [25] ) Users can create and control upward to 16 spaces, and applications tin can be switched between each i, creating a very large workspace. The auto-switching feature in Spaces has annoyed some of its users. Apple added a new preference in ten.5.ii which disabled this feature, but there were still bugs establish while switching windows. In 10.5.3, this trouble was addressed and was no longer an issue. [26]
  • Spotlight incorporates additional search capabilities such as Boolean operators, likewise as the ability to search other computers (with appropriate permissions). [27]
  • Time Machine , an automated backup utility which allows the user to restore files that have been deleted or replaced by another version of a file. [28] Though by and large lauded in the press equally a step frontward for information recovery, Time Machine has been criticized in multiple publications for lacking the capabilities of tertiary-party fill-in software. Analyzing the feature for TidBITS, Joe Kissell pointed out that Time Car does not create bootable copies of backed-up volumes, does not dorsum up to AirPort Disk hard drives and will not back upward FileVault encrypted habitation directories until the user logs out, concluding that the feature is "pretty good at what it does" only he will merely use it as part of a "broader backup strategy". [29] [thirty] [31] 1 of these issues has been resolved, however; On March 19, 2008, updates were released for AirPort and Time Car, allowing for Time Automobile to use a USB hard disk which has been connected to an Airport Farthermost Base Station. [32]
  • Universal Admission enhancements: pregnant improvements to applications including VoiceOver, along with increased support for Braille, airtight captioning and a new high‐quality Speech synthesis voice. [33]
  • Many changes to the user interface , such equally a transparent menu bar, new icons, and a 3D Dock. As well equally this, the Apple tree icon is now blackness instead of blue. R.L. Prior, on the ThinkMac weblog, criticized a number of changes to Leopard'south user interface, including the transparent menu bar and the new folder icons. [14] Decreased transparency of the menu bar, forth with the ability to disable the menu bar transparency were added with the 10.5.2 release on February 11, 2008. [34]
  • Russian linguistic communication support, bringing the total to eighteen languages. [35]
  • Leopard removes support for Classic applications. [36]
  • Introduced the Alex vocalisation to VoiceOver .

Programmer technologies [ edit ]

  • Native support by many libraries and frameworks for 64-bit applications, allowing 64-fleck Cocoa applications. Existing 32-bit applications using those libraries and frameworks should proceed to run without the need for emulation or translation. [37]
  • Leopard offers the Objective-C 2.0 runtime, which includes new features such as garbage collection. Xcode 3.0 supports the updated language and was itself rewritten with it. [38]
  • A new framework, Core Animation, allows a developer to create complex animations while specifying only a "start" and a "goal" space. The main goal of Core Animation is to enable the cosmos of circuitous animations with pocket-sized amounts of program code.
  • Apple integrates DTrace from the OpenSolaris project and adds a graphical interface chosen Instruments (previously Xray). DTrace provides tools that users, administrators and developers tin utilize to melody the performance of the operating organisation and the applications that run on information technology. [39]
  • The new Scripting Bridge allows programmers to apply Python 2.v and Ruby 1.8.vi to interface with the Cocoa frameworks. [40]
  • Ruby on Rails is included in the default install.
  • Leopard's OpenGL stack has been updated to version two.one, and uses LLVM to increase its vertex processing speed. [41] Apple has been working to get LLVM integrated into GCC; [42] LLVM'due south use within other operating system facilities has not been announced.
  • The Graphics and Media State of the Matrimony address confirmed many other features are possible because of Cadre Animation, such as alive desktops, improvements to Quartz Composer with custom patches, a new PDF Kit for developers, and improvements to QuickTime APIs.
  • The FSEvents framework allows applications to register for notifications of changes to a given directory tree. [43]
  • Leopard includes a read-just implementation of the ZFS file system.
In mid-Dec 2006, a pre-release version of Leopard appeared to include support for Sun's ZFS. [44] Jonathan Schwartz, CEO and President of Sun Microsystems, boasted on June half-dozen, 2007, that ZFS had become "the file organisation" for Leopard. [45] However, the senior project marketing director for Mac OS X stated on June 11, 2007, that the existing HFS+, not ZFS, would be used in Leopard. Apple afterward clarified that a read-only version of ZFS would exist included. [46]
  • Leopard includes drivers for UDF 2.5, necessary for reading Hard disk DVD and Blu-ray discs using tertiary-party drives, but the included DVD Role player software can only play Hard disk DVDs authored past DVD Studio Pro. [47]
  • Leopard includes a framework implementing latent semantic mapping for classifying (e.one thousand. textual) data.
  • Leopard is the first operating system with open source BSD code to be certified equally fully UNIX-compliant. [48] [49] Certification means that software following the Single UNIX Specification can be compiled and run on Leopard without the need for any code modification. [40] The certification only applies to Leopard when run on Intel processors. [49]
  • Leopard includes J2SE v.0. [50]

Security enhancements [ edit ]

New security features intend to provide amend internal resiliency to successful attacks, in addition to preventing attacks from being successful in the first place.

Library Randomization
Leopard implements library randomization, [9] which randomizes the locations of some libraries in retention. Vulnerabilities that corrupt program retention often rely on known addresses for these library routines, which let injected code to launch processes or alter files. Library randomization is presumably a stepping-rock to a more consummate implementation of address space layout randomization at a later date.
Awarding Layer Firewall
Leopard ships with two firewall engines: the original BSD IPFW, which was present in earlier releases of Mac OS Ten, and the new Leopard Application Layer Firewall. Unlike IPFW, which intercepts and filters IP datagrams before the kernel performs significant processing, the Application Layer Firewall operates at the socket layer, spring to individual processes. The Application Layer Firewall can therefore make filtering decisions on a per-awarding basis. Of the two firewall engines, but the Application Layer Firewall is fully exposed in the Leopard user interface. The new firewall offers less command over private bundle decisions (users can decide to allow or deny connections system-wide or to individual applications, but must use IPFW to gear up fine-grained TCP/IP header-level policies). It also makes several policy exceptions for organization processes: neither mDNSResponder nor programs running with superuser privileges are filtered. [51]
Sandboxes
Leopard includes kernel-level back up for role-based access control (RBAC). RBAC is intended to forestall, for example, an awarding similar Mail from editing the password database.
Application Signing
Leopard provides a framework to utilise public key signatures for code signing to verify, in some circumstances, that lawmaking has not been tampered with. Signatures tin can besides exist used to ensure that ane program replacing another is truly an "update", and carry any special security privileges across to the new version. This reduces the number of user security prompts, and the likelihood of the user beingness trained to simply clicking "OK" to everything.
Secure Invitee Business relationship
Guests can be given access to a Leopard organisation with an account that the organization erases and resets at logout. [52]

Security features in Leopard accept been criticized as weak or ineffective, with the publisher Heise Security documenting that the Leopard installer downgraded firewall protection and exposed services to assault even when the firewall was re-enabled. [53] [54] Several researchers noted that the Library Randomization feature added to Leopard was ineffective compared to mature implementations on other platforms, and that the new "secure Guest business relationship" could exist abused by Guests to retain access to the organisation even after the Leopard log out process erased their domicile directory. [55] [56]

System requirements [ edit ]

Apple states the following basic Leopard system requirements, although, for some specific applications and features (such as iChat backdrops) an Intel processor is required: [57]

  • Processor: whatever Intel processor, or PowerPC G5 or G4 (867 MHz and faster) processor
  • Optical drive: internal or external DVD drive (for installation of the operating system)
  • Memory: minimum 512 MB of RAM (additional RAM (1 GB) is recommended for development purposes)
  • Hard drive capacity: Minimum 9 GB of disk space bachelor.

Leopard's retail version was not released in separate versions for each type of processor, but instead consisted of one universal release that could run on both PowerPC and Intel processors. [37] Withal, the install discs that ship with Intel-based Macs merely comprise Intel binaries.[ citation needed ]

Processor type and speed are checked during installation and installation halted if insufficient; however, Leopard will run on slower G4 processor machines (e.g., a 733 MHz Quicksilver) if the installation is performed on a supported Mac and its hard bulldoze and then moved to a slower/unsupported one (the drive may either exist an internal mechanism or a Firewire external).[ citation needed ]

Supported machines [ edit ]

Leopard can run on the afterwards flat-console iMac G4s, the iMac G5, iMac Intel Core Duo and iMac Intel Core ii Duo, PowerBook G4, Power Mac G4, Power Mac G5, iBook G4, MacBook, MacBook Pro, MacBook Air, Mac Pro, Mac Mini, Xserve, Xserve G5, Xserve RAID, Macintosh Server G4, and later eMac models. Leopard can run on older hardware as long equally they have a G4 upgrade installed running at the 867 MHz or faster, take at least 9 GB free of hard bulldoze space, 512 MB RAM and have a DVD bulldoze. Leopard however will not run on the 900 MHz iBook G3 models even though they exceed the minimum 867 MHz requirement. This is due to the lack of AltiVec back up in the G3 line of processors. Leopard can be "hacked" (see below) to install on these G3 and pre-867 MHz G4 machines but the system may behave erratically and many of the programs, features, and functions may not work properly or at all. Every bit of mid-2010, some Apple tree computers take firmware factory installed which volition no longer permit installation of Mac Os 10 Leopard. These computers but allow installation of Mac OS X Snow Leopard.[ citation needed ] However, some computers (such as the 2011 model of the Mac mini) can accept Leopard installed on them without hacking.[ commendation needed ]

Usage on unsupported hardware [ edit ]

Some ways of running Leopard on certain unsupported hardware, primarily PowerPC G4 computers with CPU speeds lower than the official requirement of 867 MHz, have been discovered. A mutual way is utilize of the program LeopardAssist, which is a bootloader similar in some respects to XPostFacto (used for installing earlier releases of Mac Os Ten on unsupported G3 and pre-G3 Macs) that uses the Mac's Open up Firmware to tell Leopard that the automobile does have a CPU meeting the 867 MHz minimum requirement that the Installer checks for earlier installation is immune to commence, when in reality the CPU is slower. [58] Currently, LeopardAssist simply runs on slower G4s and many people have installed Leopard successfully on these older machines.

Users who take admission to supported hardware take installed Leopard on the supported machine then simply moved the hard drive to the unsupported machine. Alternatively, the Leopard Installation DVD was booted on a supported Mac, then installed on an unsupported Mac via Firewire Target Disk Fashion. Leopard is merely compiled for AltiVec-enabled PowerPC processors (G4 and G5) though, too every bit Intel, so both of these methods will just work on Macs with G4 or later CPUs. While some of the earlier beta releases were fabricated to run on some later G3 machines (mostly later 800–900 MHz iBooks), no success with the retail version has been officially reported on G3 Macs except for some later iMacs and "Pismo" PowerBook G3s with G4 processor upgrades installed.

For a number of months after Leopard's release it appeared that the only G3 Macs on which Leopard could be run were those with both an aftermarket G4 processor and an AGP graphics card, as failures with the OS partially booting before crashing were reported on older Macs such as the original tray-loading iMacs and the Beige and Blueish & White Power Mac G3 (all with G4 upgrades as Leopard volition not even begin to load without ane) whereas it would kick fine on newer Macs where the Installer brake had been circumvented. Notwithstanding, more recently it has been reported [59] [60] that with some more piece of work and use of kernel extensions from XPostFacto, Tiger and beta builds of Leopard, the OS can be fabricated to run on G4-upgraded Macs as old every bit the Power Macintosh 9500, despite the lack of AGP-based graphics. While Leopard can exist run on any Mac with a G4 or later processor, some functionality such equally Forepart Row or Time Motorcar fails to work without a Quartz Extreme-capable graphics card, which many of the earlier G4s did not include in their mill specification.

Since Apple tree moved to using Intel processors in their computers, the OSx86 customs has developed and now likewise allows Mac Bone X Tiger and later releases to be installed and run successfully on non-Apple tree x86-based computers, albeit in violation of Apple's licensing agreement for Mac Bone X.

Packaging [ edit ]

The retail packaging for Leopard is significantly smaller than that of previous versions of Mac Os X (although later on copies of Tiger also came in the new smaller box). It also includes a lenticular cover, making the X appear to bladder in a higher place a purple galaxy, somewhat resembling the default Leopard desktop wallpaper. [61]

Release history [ edit ]

Version Build Date OS name Notes Download
10.5 9A581 October 26, 2007 Darwin 9.0
xnu-1228~1 		Original retail DVD release Northward/A
10.5.one 9B18 November 15, 2007 Darwin 9.1
xnu-1228.0.2~1 		About the Mac OS Ten x.5.one Update; Second retail DVD release Mac OS 10 10.5.1 Update
9B2117 December 14, 2007 Darwin 9.1.one Forked build for Early 2008 Mac Pro and Xserve
10.five.two 9C31 February 11, 2008 Darwin ix.2
xnu-1228.iii.thirteen~1 		About the Mac OS X ten.5.two Update Mac OS X ten.v.2 Combo Update
9C7010 Darwin nine.2
10.five.three 9D34 May 28, 2008 Darwin 9.3
xnu-1228.5.xviii~i 		Virtually the Mac OS Ten x.v.three Update Mac OS X 10.v.three Update

Mac Os 10 10.5.three Combo Update

10.5.4 9E17 June 30, 2008 Darwin 9.4
xnu-1228.5.20~one 		About the Mac Bone Ten 10.v.4 update; Third retail DVD release Mac OS 10 x.5.four Update

Mac OS 10 10.5.4 Combo Update

10.five.5 9F33 September 15, 2008 Darwin 9.5
1228.7.58~one 		Near the Mac OS 10 ten.5.5 Update Mac OS 10 10.five.5 Update

Mac OS 10 x.5.five Combo Update

10.v.6 9G55 Dec xv, 2008 Darwin 9.6 About the Mac Os X 10.v.6 Update Mac Os X 10.five.six Update

Mac Bone X 10.5.vi Combo Update

9G66 January 6, 2009 4th retail DVD release (role of Mac Box Set) Northward/A
9G71 N/A Darwin nine.6
xnu-1228.ix.59~1 		North/A
ten.5.vii 9J61 May 12, 2009 Darwin nine.7
xnu-1228.12.14~1 		About the Mac OS 10 x.5.7 Update Mac OS 10 10.five.7 Update

Mac Bone X 10.v.7 Philharmonic Update

ten.5.8 9L30 August 5, 2009 Darwin ix.8 Virtually the Mac Os 10 10.5.8 Update Mac Os X 10.5.8 Update

Mac Bone X 10.v.eight Combo Update

9L34 August 31, 2009 Darwin 9.eight
xnu-1228.15.4~1 		Mac OS X Server ten.5.viii Update v.1.1 N/A

Compatibility [ edit ]

Subsequently Leopard's release, there were widely reported incidents of new Leopard installs hanging during boot on the blue screen that appears only before the login procedure starts. [62] Apple attributed these problems to an outdated version of an unsupported add-on extension called Awarding Enhancer (APE), from Unsanity which had been incompatible with Leopard. Some users were unaware that APE had been silently installed during installation of Logitech mouse drivers. However, only the users who did non have the latest version of APE installed (2.0.3 at that fourth dimension) were affected. [63] Apple published a knowledge base article on how to solve this trouble. [64]

Google announced that the Chrome browser will be dropping support for Leopard starting with Chrome 21. Past that fourth dimension Chrome volition no longer auto-update, and new Chrome installations are non immune. Their rationale for removal of support is that Leopard is an "Os X version also no longer existence updated by Apple." [65]

Firefox as well dropped support for Leopard after information technology shipped Firefox 16 in October 2012. [66] TenFourFox is a port of Firefox for the PPC architecture, released subsequently Firefox dropped support for Leopard.

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